Browsing by Author "Lippincott, R. Lee"
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Item Effects of Ozonation vs. Chlorination Water Treatment Operations on Natural Organic Matter Fractions(Trenton, N.J. : Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science and Research, 1998) Marhaba, Taha F.; Van, Doanh; Lippincott, R. LeeIsolation and fractionation of natural organic matter (NOM) by resin adsorption was conducted at two surface drinking water treatment plants that treat the same source water. The first treatment plant uses conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration) with chlorination while the second plant uses conventional treatment with pre and intermediate ozonation, and multi-media granular activated carbon filtration. Several different sampling locations within each plant were selected for NOM isolation and fractionation into six fractions (hydrophobic acid, neutral and base, and hydrophilic acid, neutral, and base). Chemical fluorescence of the NOM was used to monitor the removal/reactivity of each fraction. The effectiveness of each treatment plant on the oxidation and removal of each organic fraction are discussed.Item Evaluation Of Methods For Quantifying Cr (VI) And Cr (III) In Soils And Wastes: Research Project Summary(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Technology, 2009-03) Lippincott, R. Lee; Buckley, BrianAn interlaboratory study comparing the three quantitation methods EPA 7196A, 7199 and 6800 demonstrated a statistically significant 31.6% difference between method 6800 and the results from the other two quantification methods (7196A and 7199) using the same extraction protocol (3060A). Method 6800 uses a stable isotope spike to adjust for loss of Cr (VI) to reduction during the extraction process. Method 6800 had significantly higher values for soluble Cr (VI) than either of the two methods that do not compensate for reduction or loss of Cr (VI) measured with an external spike. It is however limited by the amount of stable isotope spiked into the matrix. The other methods of quantification (USEPA method 7196A, 7199, or others) can underestimate the amount of soluble Cr (VI) if reduction occurs during the extraction or analysis process. Determination of where in the analytical process the Cr (VI) spike loss occurs cannot be made without the ability to quantitate the Cr (III) species. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that a poor Cr (VI) measurement was caused only by reduction of the Cr (VI). For example,if the Cr (VI) in a sample was either precipitated or absorbed to the soil surface by the addition of the extraction solvent or formed a complex with an organic moiety, it may still be available for oxidation back to Cr (VI) or dissociation to soluble Cr (VI) if conditions in its environment change. While ICP/MS analysis should identify all soluble chromium, species, whether or not they had been complexed with an organic ligand, it cannot compensate for insoluble forms of Cr (VI) that may have been precipitated or absorbed to the soil surface. The process of making all Cr species soluable is key to an accurate determination of the amount of Cr (VI) present.Item Identification of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds (PFCs) in the Metedeconk River Watershed(Trenton, N.J. : Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Science, 2015-04) Karl, Robert; Maggio, Joseph; Rouse, John; Louis, Judy; Lippincott, R. Lee; Atherholt, Thomas B.; Procopio, Nicholas A.; Goodrow, Sandra M.Item Investigation of Levels of Perfluorinated Compounds in New Jersey Fish, Surface Water, and Sediment: Research Project Summary(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science and Research, 2019-09) Goodrow, Sandra M.; Ruppel, Bruce; Lippincott, R. Lee; Post, Gloria B.The Division of Science, Research and Environmental Health (DSREH) performed an initial targeted assessment of 13 PFAS, all of which are perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), at 11 waterways across the state. Fourteen surface water and sediment samples and 94 fish tissue samples were collected at sites along these waterways. All surface water samples contained detectable levels of at least four PFAS. The lowest total PFAS in surface water was in the Cohansey River, with Horicon Lake and Echo Lake having the second and third lowest total PFAS, respectively. The highest total level of PFAS was found in Little Pine Lake, near the Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, with Mirror Lake and Pine Lake ranking the second and third highest, respectively. Consistent with the known characteristics of preferential partitioning of longer chain PFCs to sediment and shorter chain PFCs to the water column, the PFAS detected in surface water were those with a carbon chain length of nine carbons or less. Ten of the 14 sites where sediment samples were collected had detectable levels of at least one, and up to eight, PFAS. Pine Lake had the highest total PFAS concentration (30.93 ng/g) in the sediment, with the majority being perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the eight-carbon chain sulfonate. Echo Lake (West Milford in Passaic County), often used as a New Jersey “background” site, had no detectable levels of PFAS in the sediment, but had fish tissue concentrations that required a low-level consumption advisory. In all but one species at one site (channel catfish in the Cohansey River), the average levels of PFOS in fish tissue generated some level of fish consumption advisory, based on the draft preliminary fish consumption triggers included in this report. Additionally, PFUnA, which has a higher bioaccumulative potential than PFOS, was detected in all but one species at one site (common carp at Forge Pond), with a range of 0.75 ng/g in white catfish at the Raritan River to 27.20 ng/g in largemouth bass at Woodbury Creek).Item Isolation and Identification of Synthetic Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, Division of Science and Research, 1993-03) Lippincott, R. LeeChemical contaminants in drinking water are often present at low concentrations. To identify and characterize these contaminants using biological assays and/or advanced chemical analytical techniques it is necessary to extract and concentrate these contaminants. Large volumes of drinking water, typically 100 to 500 liters, must be extractecd with organic solvents, and the extract concentrated to obtain sufficient levels of contaminants for analysis.Item Occurrence, Distribution, and Concentration of Pharmaceuticals and Other Organic Wastewater-Related Compounds in New Jersey’s Surface-Water Supplies: Research Project Summary(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Technology, 2003-02) Lippincott, R. Lee; Stackelberg, PaulThe Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, which is part of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act, directs states to develop sampling plans to identify contaminants of emerging concern that may merit future regulatory consideration as part of the USEPA’s Candidate Contaminant List (CCL) process. Many of the traditional analytical methodologies used for regulatory compliance, however, lack the sensitivity and selectivity needed to detect organic contaminants of anthropogenic origin. Recently, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed analytical methods for the determination of more than 95 contaminants typically found in domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters. Examples of these unregulated contaminants include pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, hormones, personal care products, and various industrial and commercial products. These newly developed analytical methods have been used by the USGS in cooperation with the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) to evaluate the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in New Jersey’s streams and drinking water supplies. Results from this study indicate that trace level organic contaminants that represent a broad suite of uses and origins can enter and persist in ambient waters and subsequently occur in finished drinking water supplies. This study provides information that will be useful for designing future monitoring efforts and for setting research and regulatory priorities.Item Pilot Study: Chemical Contaminant Concentrations in Juvenile Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) from New Jersey Coastal Estuarine Waters (2009)(Trenton, N.J. : Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Science, 2013) Horwitz, Richard; Zaoudeh, Linda; Schafer, Michael; Ashley, Jeffrey; Velinsky, David; Overbeck, Paul; Davis, Robin; Ruppel, Bruce; Lippincott, R. LeeItem Pollution Minimization Plans and PCB Source Trackdown in Camden City(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Technology, 2008-08) Belton, Thomas; Lippincott, R. Lee; Stevenson, Edward; Botts, JohnItem Predicting the Occurrence of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water by Measuring the Components of Organic Carbon in Source Water Using a Novel Analytical Approach(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Technology, 2001) Lippincott, R. LeeItem A Reconnaissance of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Wastewater and Sludge from Three Publicly Owned Treatment Works in New Jersey(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Environmental Health, 2018-04-24) Louis, Judy; Lippincott, R. Lee; Goodrow, Sandra M.; Procopio, NicholasThe character of wastewater, landfill leachate, and sludge taken from three New Jersey regions (Areas) has been assessed for multiple contaminants of emerging concern to determine the likelihood of occurrence in various types of developed areas. Regions were determined based on land use and the projected character of wastewater. The distinct areas of land use that were the aim of this study consisted of residential, commercial, industrial (including two areas with pharmaceutical processing), and hospital/retirement areas. Areas contained various subsewersheds represented by a sampling station that was characterized by the land use type. For example, Area X contained residential sewersheds, industrial sewersheds, and commercial sewersheds. The three Areas contained a total of twenty-six (26) sampling sites, with seventeen (17) of those sites representing various characteristics of the sewershed and the other samples taken of the influent, effluent, and sludge taken from each of the Area’s publicly owned treatment works (POTW). Landfill leachate from one location in each of the three Areas was also analyzed for a suite of compounds.Item A Reconnaissance of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Wastewater and Sludge from Three Publicly Owned Treatment Works in New Jersey: Research Project Summary(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science and Research, 2019-09) Fischer, Jeff; Wilson, Tim; Lippincott, R. LeeThe character of wastewater, landfill leachate, and sludge taken from three New Jersey regions (areas Q, X and Z) has been assessed for multiple contaminants of emerging concern to determine the likelihood of occurrence in various types of developed areas. Regions were determined based on land use and the projected character of wastewater. The distinct areas of land use that were the aim of this study consisted of residential, commercial, industrial (including two areas with pharmaceutical processing), and hospital/retirement areas. Areas contained various sub-sewersheds represented by a sampling station that was characterized by the land use type. The sampling sites selected in each of the three areas were intended to assess not only differences between the overall character of the area, but to assess the differences that may exist within the Areas, such as delineated areas with characteristics that describe residential, commercial, pharmaceutical, hospital and retirement communities and industrial sewersheds. Residential areas were found to contain the highest number and total mass of pesticides compared to other types of sewersheds and were found to have the highest number of detected hormone analytes. Among the PAH analytes in the commercial areas, phenol and p-cresol dominated the total concentration of PAHs, with the total PAH concentration in Area X being comprised of 70% p-cresol. The range of the total concentration of flavors and fragrances in residential areas was between 44 and 90 μg/L, whereas the range for all areas was between 20 and 165 μg/L. The number of flavors and fragrances detected in residential areas was also similar to other areas, having between nine and eleven compounds present. The only notable pharmaceutical group within the commercial areas were the stimulants, with the highest detection of caffeine, among all sewersheds, detected in the Area Z commercial sewershed. In all three commercial sewersheds, caffeine accounted for between 84 and 98% of the total stimulant group. The total concentration (6.034 μg/L to 272.5 μg/L) and the number of APEs (between seven and nine) detected in the Hospital and Retirement Community sewersheds were the highest among the types of sewersheds. A concentration of 260 μg/L of tri(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEB, flame retardant) was recorded in the Area Z retirement sewershed. In evaluating the results for the influent and effluent of the wastewater treatment plants, the varied detection limits attributed to interferences needs to be considered, particularly when including a value that is reported to be below the detection limit. Given the limited sample number, conclusions can only be considered preliminary.Item Tracking a Potential Mercury Emissions Source – Measurements in the Vicinity of the LCP Chemicals, Inc. Superfund Site in Linden, NJ(Trenton, N.J. : Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Science, 2014-11-20) Polissar, Alex; Lippincott, R. Lee