Browsing by Author "Gagliano, Michael"
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Item Investigation of Elevated Sodium and Chloride in Well Water, Village of Columbia, Knowlton Township, Warren County, New Jersey(Trenton, N.J. : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Water Resources Management, 2022) New Jersey. Department of Environmental Protection. Division of Water Supply and Geoscience. New Jersey Geological and Water Survey; Lubenow, Brady; Gagliano, Michael; Spencer, Michelle; Bousenberry, Raymond; Spayd, StevenAn investigation of elevated sodium and chloride concentrations in well water was conducted in the Village of Columbia, Knowlton Township, Warren County, New Jersey. Water testing was made available at no cost to residents and 82 private wells throughout the Township were sampled and tested for sodium and chloride in November 2015. Of these wells, 25 were also tested for additional water quality parameters to help categorize water in different aquifers and different parts of the Township. A follow-up well water sampling event for chloride and lead was conducted in May 2016 at no cost for residents. A continuous water quality monitor was placed within one of the wells with the highest concentrations to measure water quality over a 3.7-year timeframe. The karst geology was confirmed by review of available well records and borehole geophysics conducted in four wells. Surface geophysics, including resistivity and electrical conductivity, were conducted to help characterize water quality upgradient and downgradient of the accessible Township Storage Area. Elevated concentrations of sodium and chloride, often above New Jersey Secondary Maximum Contaminate Levels (SMCL), in private wells in the Village of Columbia, was confirmed.